They use more of it. They can digest a greater % of the food.
They digest faster somehow. Maybe stronger stomach acid. You need to look up the limiting factors of human digestion or food/nutrient uptake and then work from there.
I can actually confirm this. Utilizing more of the ingested food is the correct answer. Saiyans did not have ultra processed food, so they can actually break down and convert the food into energy. Defecating only occurs when there is indigestible compounds and excess.
Hector, what does "insane" amounts of food mean, exactly? To the average human being, I probably eat an "insane" amount of food, and I'm not the only one. I've encountered others that can eat 6 lb of meat, or more, in a day as well.
Then, the average Saiyan is much more physically fit than the average human being. The efficiency of the metabolism just greatly compounds from that point onwards.