Vegetto was not affected when he did not have a body. So there really is no reason that Vegeta wouldn't be capable of it either, the only problem that arises is subjectivity.
It's never stated he lost his ability to sense, so it's a reach to assume he would. There's no reason for Vegeta to be unable to sense what was unfolding on Earth except personal perspectives.
If Vegeta was able to sense Gotenks, Gohan, and everything else, wouldn't putting two and two together that Boo got stronger through absorbing them be kinda...obvious? Why would he need Goku to relay that information to him?