Goku and Trunks seemed to think Vegeta's loss against Goku Black was attributed to power which is why they gave him a sensu bean to invoke a zenkai. Immediately upon taking the sensu bean, we see Blue Vegeta struggle against SSJ Goku Black so I don't think Goku or Vegeta were as powerful as SSJ Goku Black let alone SSJR Goku Black. That changed once both Goku and Vegeta powered up tremendously.
I also don't think Blue bursts > Blue (Full Power). Goku blatantly describes Vegeta's switches as something Goku did during Hit. However, Goku could only do it once whereas Vegeta could do it multiple times which enabled him to retain his stamina.
I believe you also mentioned to me how Blue Goku did better against Merged Zamasu than Vegeta did even after being exhausted from using the Mafuba. I believe you also told me how Perfect Blue Vegeta reached Perfected Blue Goku's power after some training. I would probably have the following chain.
Merged Zamasu ~ Perfected Blue Goku > Blue Goku > Blue Vegeta (Bursts) ~ Blue Vegeta > SSJR Goku Black > God Vegeta > SSJ Goku Black > Blue Goku & Blue Vegeta (Time Skip 1)
But you're only looking at half the picture that way. We were already told SSJB had stamina issues, and Vegeta specifically focused on them during his Rosat training. He may have gained some power, but the main thing was finding a better way to use Blue. SSJ Black still got a solid Zenkai out of Vegeta, so I'd say the SSJBs were at least as strong as he is.
Attacking in bursts means the power will come out more concentrated, plus the power isn't leaking out if he's attacking so fast, so I'd say it's definitely stronger. It feels similar in principle to a Ki Blast with how they focus the power specifically for one attack and his raises their power, only this is being done with a transformation instead.
Looking at the fight again, Goku doesn't really do better than Vegeta. Zamasu instantly taps Vegeta out of the form, but keeps toying with Goku and waving Goku away without even touching him. Sure Goku blows a hole in Zamasu too, but a few chapters later Vegeta blows Zamasu into pieces with the Gamma Burst Flash. Vegeta's training was mostly focused on perfecting Blue, and since Bulma was pregnant he probably didn't train that much anyway.