Hard to say. There's really no way of knowing. Super Saiyan Goku was casually dealing with the Pride Troopers simultaneously while conserving energy for Jiren whereas Frost had to take Universe 9 off-guard to eliminate most of their members on top of overexerting himself. Frost still remains to...
In terms of obtaining new forms and techniques? Hardly. Kibito's and Roshi's is well justified since they're blatantly shown to be training on top of Roshi's battle experience giving him a significant edge when his battle power is lacking. The examples you provided aren't relevant and can go...
Then Toyotaro should have made it clear like he always does when someone harnesses a special power instead of just having him explicitly training in his Base form.
In the manga, likely not because Saiyans aren't established to grow stronger during battle like the case with the anime until the Granolah arc. I think Gohan is stronger but he's not significantly stronger than Goku. Goku would easily win here.
It's heavily implied that Perfected Blue Goku (Post-Merus) hadn't reached Jiren's level since it's firmly established that only Moro and UI Omen Goku (Post-Merus) had surpassed the level of the Gods which may include the Hakaishins.
Therefore, if Jiren still remains to be stronger than...
No. The entire theme of the fight was that they were competing against each other. When one powers up, the other powers up in an attempt to overcome them. SSJ Kefla only powered up to match KKx20 Blue Goku. The only thing Beerus suggests is not that Goku is weaker, only that his stamina was low...
Most definitely. UI Omen Goku was easily able to dodge Jiren's blow and landed one of his own. Afterwards, Jiren battles Goku on a level that is the fastest we've ever seen. They're constantly blitzing around the battlefield emitting explosions everywhere. Jiren is dodging UI Omen Goku and...
SSJ2 Vegeta was powerful enough to fight Goku Black who should be close to God tier given Goku's response to hearing about his power from Trunks. So SSJ2 Vegeta easily outstripped SSJ3 Goku meaning that both Saiyans had grown tremendously more powerful. With no explicit indication of Vegeta's...
I think it's obvious that they did since Blue Goku and Blue Vegeta surpassed SSJR Goku Black even though SSJ Goku Black was stronger than Blue Vegeta prior.
Looking back, might not entirely be the case. Piccolo is making a guess and then immediately implies that Kefla is much stronger if she was able to force Goku to power up so much.
It should be a given that UI Omen Goku (116) was already much stronger than UI Omen Goku (110) as Goku had grown...